Discussion Questions To Consider From The Catcher In The Rye

Discussion Questions to Consider from The Catcher in the Rye 1. The Catcher in the Rye centers on a young man – can women relate to this novel, too? What about Holden is gender-specific, and what is common to all teenagers? Women can relate Common to all teenagers Rebellious nature Negative thoughts Feeling inferiority Illusion of Future Curiosity Not belonging Gender-specific Not as impulsiveness as girls 2. Let’s talk about the ending to the Catcher in the Rye. Is it optimistic? Negative? Gloomy? O Angers the readers Nothing is finished It leaves you hanging and asking questions Gloomy Holden didn’t change much throughout the novel It seems as if he finished the same place he started He is all alone at the metal facility reminiscing†¦show more content†¦He is nostalgic about the past but he doesn’t want to reveal it 13. After Holden buys a red hunting hat that he â€Å"gets a big bang out of† (Chapter 3), the hat crops up all over The Catcher in the Rye. What significance do you think the red hat has in the novel? Be sure to consider when Holden buys it and when he wears it (or doesn’t wear it). Protection Identity Fromation Help him feel Allie’s presence Protected He feels like he is going of the cliff when he is not wearing the hat When he put on the RED hat he feels the presence of Allie and Phoebe He can do a freely as he can when he has it on Represent Allie He hat protected him in the rain near the carousel even though he is soaking wet 14. What do you make of the ending of The Catcher in the Rye? Is it optimistic? Negative? Gloomy? Look at the end of the second to last chapter (25, when Holden watches Phoebe go around on the carousel. Holden says: â€Å"I was damn near bawling, I felt so damn happy, if you want to know the truth. I don’t know why. It was just that she look so damn nice, the way she kept going around and around, in her blue coat and all. God, I wish you could’ve been there.† The next (and last) chapter pulls us out of the narrative and returns to seventeen-year-old Holden, the one telling us the story in the first place. So how does Chapter 25 function as a closing to the story-within-the-novel? How is that ending different formShow MoreRelatedCatcher and the Rye Essay1382 Words   |  6 PagesRob Ferrara Ms. Groark English II Honors 26 February 2009 A World of Poor Choices The exciting novel The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger expresses the free will of choice. Salinger cleverly conveys how decisions can alter a person’s perspective of their peer. Holden Caulfield, the protagonist, is a young teenager who has emotional instability and behavioral concerns. Holden acts immaturely extensively throughout the book. Holden invents a world where adulthood is the emblem of superficialityRead MoreEssay about The Catcher in the Rye2410 Words   |  10 PagesCatcher in the Rye Chapters 1-3 Discussion Questions 1. Who is telling the story? What are your impressions of the narrator? Would he be a friend of yours? Holden Caufield maybe because he seems rebellious and open 2. How much time has passed since the events in the story? What do you think is Holden’s purpose in telling the story? 7 months has passed and to make sense of everything that has happened 3. What is Pency Prep like? Why is Holden leaving? How does he feel about leaving?Read MoreThe Study Of Culture By Arnold, M., Raymond William And Attach Them With The Book1665 Words   |  7 Pageswith the book â€Å"Catcher in The Rye† by J.D Sellinger and explain my view of ‘’Culture’’. The plot of this book is based on a story of seventeen-year-old American schoolboy, who is expelled from the school just before the Christmas because of the poor progress. He spends three days in New York and reasons about his life and people around. The main character Holden Caulfield suffers from uncertainty and disillusionment in the world and moral crisis in society. Holden is outraged from show-off andRead MoreThe Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger2004 Words   |  9 PagesThe Catcher in the Rye is a popular novel written by J.D. Salinger. Published in 1951, the book was originally written for adults, but it is now remembered and adored by people from all parts of the world and people from all walks of life – especially by teenagers – a likely effect that was only inevitable considering the center stage of the narrator the great crumby flake Holden Caulfield, to use his style of speaking, who accurately portrayed teenage angst and loneliness in a style that ma ny youngstersRead MoreEssay on Banning Books4604 Words   |  19 Pageslosers† (Blume 1999). Judy Blume can not explain the problem of book censorship any clearer. The children are the real losers because they are the ones that are not able to read the classic works of literature which are the backbone of classroom discussions all across the United States. The American Association of School Administrators (AASA) defines censorship as: â€Å"The removal, suppression, or restricted circulation of literary, artistic, or educational materials†¦ of images, ideas, and information†¦onRead MoreEssay on Coming of Age: A Thematic Unit Plan3041 Words   |  13 Pagesfact remains that the teenage years also serve as a time of personal growth and maturation. Because these years are so important, it is my belief that schools would be wise to consider adding a unit devoted to the study of texts that chronicle this growth process. I believe that many students would benefit greatly from a curricular unit centered around the â€Å"coming of age† theme. In order to teach this unit effectively, a wide variety of texts and materials will be needed. Bear in mind thatRead MoreChapter Summary : The Death Of James Castle Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesChapters 22-23 Left Side Journal In these chapters, I mainly focused on the question that Phoebe asked Holden in which she asked him what did he actually like. I thought that this is a good question to consider because throughout the book, we clearly see that he does not like a lot of things, the main things being phonies. I think it’s interesting to note that he doesn’t actually say a real thing he likes. He spaces out and tries to think of something until he just blurts out whatever comes toRead More Censorship in Schools Essay3746 Words   |  15 Pagescurriculum is limiting and takes away literature that is meaningful to students. How a Book is Censored Brinkley describes a few actions that can lead to the censoring of a book in a school or school system: An expression of concern is simply a question about the material with overtones of disapproval; an oral complaint is an oral challenge to the contents of a work; a written complaint is a formal written challenge to the school about the contents of a work; and a public attack is a public statementRead MoreEssay on Methods for Critical Thinking1970 Words   |  8 PagesCritical thinking is not a new concept just emerging from the think-tanks and universities that bring us innovative educational concepts. Critical thinking has existed since the days of Plato, Socrates, and other great ancient philosophers. Ancient Greeks believed that critical thinking â€Å"not only involved an examination of eloquent words and actions of other people,† as Plato had believed, â€Å"but also an examination of one’s own thoughts and actions† (Sriraman Adrian, 2004, p. 97). Ano ther outspokenRead More The Dangers of Censorship in High School Essay2591 Words   |  11 PagesAmendment argument. In attempting to ban certain types of literature from the classroom, censors are taking away the rights of teachers to prepare students for a reality that their parents do not seem to think will ever affect them. They likewise deny students the chance to learn how to rationally make their own decisions and instead try to keep that control for themselves. Censorship is preventing intelligent, thoughtful teachers from pushing students to reach past what is just on the page. Whatever

Evaluate the Claim That Person-Centred Therapy Offers the...

â€Å"Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients† The humanistic movement was established as a way to expand and improve upon the two other schools of thought; behaviourism and psychoanalysis, which had, up until the first half of the 20th century dominated psychology. An American theorist called Abraham Maslow began to research creativity in humans through art and science. He first introduced his concept of a hierarchy of needs in his 1943 paper A Theory of Human Motivation†. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is most often displayed as a pyramid. The lowest levels of the pyramid are made up of the most basic needs, for example food and shelter, while the more complex needs are†¦show more content†¦The pressure to conform can be immense. As a result, because we have a deep need to feel valued, we tend to deny to our awareness those of our inner experiences that we believe will not be acceptable. Originally described as non-directive, this form of therapy moved away from the idea that the counsellor was the expert and towards a theory that trusted the actualising tendency of clients to find their own personal potential. The term ‘actualising tendency’ is one which Rogers uses to describe the human urge to grow, to develop, and to reach maximum potential. It is directional and present in all living things, but can sometimes be suppressed. The person-centred therapist aims to provide an environment in which the client does not feel under threat or judgement. This enables the client to experience and accept more of who they are as a person, and reconnect with their own values. The client is then able to let down their defences and gain a better perception of themselves. This environment is achieved when being in a therapeutic relationship with someone who demonstrates the three essential characteristics: empathy, congruence and respect. The nature of the relationship is crucial for the success of therapy. Although therapy in a person-centred manner does not have as much structure as s ome other methods, it is a highly effective way of encouraging personal growth. Person-centred therapy sees the individual as a whole, and one aspect central to development is theShow MoreRelatedEvaluate the Claim That Person-Centred Therapy Offers the Therapist All That He/She Will Need to Treat Clients2368 Words   |  10 PagesFor this essay I have been asked to Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients. In order to do this, I plan to firstly look at the theory of person-centred therapy, examining its roots and fundamental principles. Secondly, I will look at key criticisms of the model and evaluate the â€Å"weight† of such criticisms. Underlying Theory of Person-Centred Counselling The Person-Centred approach to counselling was pioneered by Carl RogersRead More‘Evaluate the Claim That Person-Centred Therapy Offers the Therapist All That He/She Will Need to Treat Clients.2461 Words   |  10 Pagestitle: ‘Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients.’ The Person Centred approach is based upon the theory and philosophy of Carl Rogers. This approach in its set-up is familiar to the general public as it is depicted in the media and is often expected therefore that a counselling session would take place in this format. At first glance the counselling process which has derived from the theory of Rogers, in a real therapy situationRead More‘’Evaluate the Claim That Person-Centred Therapy Offers the Therapist All That He/She Will Need to Treat Clients‘’.2560 Words   |  11 PagesIndisputably, in recent years there has been an influx in people seeking therapy for a multitude of reasons relating to personal growth, marital or family conflict and work dissatisfaction to name a few. One of the recognized theories of counselling today was developed by the humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers in the 1940s and although this new approach to psychotherapy ran contrary to the theories dominant at the time, person-centred therapy is considered one of the major therapeutic approaches nowadaysRead MorePerson centred therapy2630 Words   |  11 Pages 5th November 2013 Essay 1: ‘Evaluate the claim that Person–Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients’. In this essay I will look at the benefits and the disadvantages of person-centred therapy and consider whether it provides sufficient tools for the therapist to be effective in the treatment of the client. Looking at the underlying theory (self-actualisation, organismic self, conditions of worthRead MoreEssay 1 Person Centred Therapy2836 Words   |  12 Pagesï » ¿Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients. Introduction In this essay I will look at the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients. Firstly, I will outline what Person-Centred therapy is and look at what its originator, Carl Rogers’, theories behind this approach are. I will then discuss some of the criticisms that have been made about Person-Centred Therapy, and weigh themRead More‘’Evaluate the Claim That Person-Centered Therapy Offers the Therapist All That He/She Will Need to Treat Clients’’2428 Words   |  10 Pages– Essay 2396 words Course code: ‘’Evaluate the claim that Person-centered therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients’’ This essay is intended to explore the statement that Person-centered therapy offers therapists all they need to treat clients. In order to do this I intend to further explore the opinions of other individuals practicing and researching counseling therapies. My first thoughts are that if the Person centered approach was sufficient, there mightRead MoreEvaluate the Claim That Person Centered Therapy Offers Tthe Therapist All That He/She Need to Treat Clients2987 Words   |  12 PagesYear Two - Module one | Tutor | Jackie Smith | Essay Title / Work | â€Å"Evaluate the claim that Person-Centred Therapy offers the therapist all that he/she will need to treat clients† | Word Count | 2723 | INTRODUCTION My aim is to explore Carl Rogers theory that Person Centred Therapy was a complete system for therapists to offer help in a counselling way to clients presenting with a full variety of issues. I will do this by establishing my understandingRead MoreModels of Counselling Within My Context2989 Words   |  12 Pagesways, and different forms of helping people. Helping others could make another person feel better either inside, or about them self. ‘Helping’ is one of those taken for granted words. It is a familiar part of our vocabulary. Traditionally, for example, social workers, youth workers and support workers, guidance counsellors and psychologist have been talked about as members of the helping professions. The question, do you need some help? Should be part of our daily business as informal and formal educatorsRead Moreexplore the behavioral and humanistic theory6235 Words   |  25 Pagesoperant conditioning and all behavior is learnt from the environment. One of the early pioneers of humanistic psychology was Abraham Maslow; he established the hierarchy levels of needs and believed that by achieving the needs in the correct order would allow individuals to become self-actualized. However, Carl Rogers a psychologist and father of Client–centered theory felt that in addition to Maslow’s hierarchical needs, in order for someone to achieve self-actualization they need to be in a positiveRead MoreLeadership for Health and Social Care and Children65584 Words   |  263 Pageshealth and social care or children and young people s settings (M1) 62 Working in partnership in health and social care or children and young people s settings (M2c) 66 Understand child and young person s development (MU5.2) 68 Lead practice that supports positive outcomes for child and young person development (MU5.3) 72 Develop and implement policies and procedures to support the safeguarding of children and young people (MU5.4) 75 Lead and manage group living for children (P4) 77 Lead and manage

The Dark Knight Rises Free Essays

Jaime Sulkowski 3-14-2013 Ms. Schmidt Copa 251 Dark Knight Rises Essay The Dark Knight Rises was one of the top movies in the year 2012. It is all about action and thrilling scenes throughout the movie. We will write a custom essay sample on The Dark Knight Rises or any similar topic only for you Order Now The main stars in this movie are Christian Bale as Batman, Tom Hardy as Bane, Anne Hathaway as cat woman, Gary Oldham as the police commissioner of Gotham, and Joseph Gordon Levitt as Blake. The hero in this movie is obvious Bruce Wayne who is also the Batman and the villain is Bane. The Dark Knight Rises is a narrative film. This movie is telling a fictional story using a series of events and other storylines throughout the film. The Cat Woman is introduced in this movie and it added another side story to the film. Bane the villain of this movie is trying to take over the city of Gotham. Batman must come back and help the city out from potential disaster. The Batman decides that the city of Gotham needs him to stop Bane from destroying the city. A quick summary of the main parts of the movie are that there were several events during the movie that gave Bane more power and control and eventually was able to take control over the city of Gotham. The Cat Woman fools Batman into a trap with Bane and there was no way out for the Batman to go. He tries to fight Bane, but he was too strong for him. Bane takes Batman to where he once lived at during his childhood years. This place was referred to as â€Å"Hell on Earth† The Batman was able to gather his strength back from the help of two prisoners and he was able to escape from the prison by climbing up a steep wall out of the pit. He makes his return to the city of Gotham just in the nick of time. This is when the overall climax of the movie happens with a big battle between the Gotham police and Bane’s army of men. Batman gets to Bane at the city council building and they have another showdown between each other and this time it looks like that the Batman comes out on top, but Miranda Tate stabs the Batman in the stomach. Bane was then about to finish off the Batman, until the Cat Woman comes out of nowhere and shoots Bane to his death. She saves the Batman, which wasn’t a big surprise at all. Then they are able to chase down Miranda Tate and got the bomb, but there was no time to defuse it completely, so the Batman had o make a snap decision and flies the bomb away from Gotham and it explodes in the water miles away from the city. Everyone thought the Batman was dead. There is definitely some foreshadowing going on in this movie. In the previous batman movies there was some foreshadowing being done as well. In The Dark Knight Rises Morgan Freeman’s character mentions about the clean water project, but this is a project that is all about the bomb. It is an underground secret proje ct that has been going on for quite some time. If the bomb got into the wrong hands there was a way that they could flood the underground area where the reactor is holding the bomb to prevent a disaster from happening. Also during the movie Bruce Wayne’s butler Alfred mentions to him that he will not bury him if he ended up dying somehow. That is foreshadowing that the Batman is not going to die in this movie. It is also foreshadowing when Alfred tells Bruce Wayne that he will see him one day at a place in another part of the world with a wife and will not speak to him and go about his business. This scene actually comes at the end of the movie. The hero of the movie is Batman also known as Bruce Wayne. He has a few flaws and weaknesses that are shown throughout the movie. One weakness that he has is that he can’t find another true love after his loss of Rachel when she died in The Dark Knight. Another weakness is that he has a lot of emotions. He can’t stop thinking about his loved ones that he has lost and can’t put them aside and they are always on his mind. He will not allow anyone to know about the clear water project he is afraid that it will leak out to the public. It is hard for him to trust certain people. On the human side of things he needs to knee brace to not limp around anymore. At the beginning scenes of the movie it would show Bruce Wayne using a walking cane to get around the house and other places as well. There are a lot of transitions going on in this movie and they make it occur all at the same time throughout the movie. I think it that the producers and writers of the movie did a great job with all of the transitions. There are many different storylines going on, but they all have some sort of link to one another. It made the movie more thrilling to watch though. It also made the plot of the movie more interesting. This film is told in a linear story with some flashbacks, which help the audience understand what is going on better. The trilogy of Batman though is one long movie if you think about it. It was done episodically. Christopher Nolan decided to break it down into three different movies. He did a fantastic job of leaving the suspense of what is going to happen in the next movie after each one had ended. The movie mainly shot on location, but some of it was also shot in studio. The movie was shot in the United States in the cities of Pittsburgh and New York. The movie was also shot in the city of London, which is in Europe and the city of Hong Kong in China. For the bonus part, I was able to notice the Point Park book store sign; it was near Lawrence Hall on the corner of Third Avenue and Wood Street. The camera was shooting up Wood Street. The football field scene was shot at Heinz Field home of the Pittsburgh Steelers, which is located in the North Shore of Pittsburgh. I am pretty sure the dessert scene was shot in Hong Kong and the opening scene of the movie was shot somewhere in Europe. Towards the end of the movie when the Batman was taking the bomb to blow up away from the city, he was going over the Hudson Bay in New York towards the Atlantic Ocean. There are a few sub stories throughout this movie. They are the introduction of the Cat Woman, she starts out as an enemy towards Bruce Wayne/Batman, but in the end she becomes an ally. The next sub story is with Fox. He makes all of the Batman’s weapons and vehicles. He also helps run Wayne Enterprises. He has helped the Batman is all of the movies. Another sub story is Alfred who is Bruce Wayne’s butler. He does a lot for Bruce, but just can’t take it anymore and leaves Bruce fearing that he is going to finally fail and die. He does not think that Gotham needs him anymore and will just turn on him. A more important sub story would be the involving the officer Blake. He does not give up on believing in the Batman and towards the end of the movie it sets everything up for next movie, because Officer Blake is actually Robin, who will probably be Batman’s sidekick according to the Batman Trilogy. So it sets up an exciting way to looking forward to the next Batman movie. The last sub story that was in this movie was about Bane and Miranda Tate and how they knew each other from the prison at Hell on Earth. Bane turned out to be Miranda’s protector in jail and helped her escape from the prison. His mouth got destroyed during the struggle of her escape. So that is why Bane wears a mask to be able to control the pain. Bane is trained under the league of shadows. He ended up using Daggit to get into the tunnels and then turning on him. They try to destroy Gotham, but we all know what eventually happened to stop them from doing so. Christopher Nolan did another great job with this latest Batman film. There obvious has to be a sequel to the movie before this one which was called The Dark Knight, probably a good reason why this latest movie was called The Dark Knight Rises. He also did not want to leave the Batman as a villain and wanted to turn things for him and make him into more of a superhero. He also tried to show that evil can be taken down by the efforts of people coming together and forgetting about the past. This is a heavy action/adventure movie, but still a powerful message can come from it though. The message he was trying to show is that evil can be taken down and forgiveness can be made for someone who may seem evil, but can actually turn out to be a true super hero if given the opportunity. How to cite The Dark Knight Rises, Essay examples

Accounting Theory Depicts Factors

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Theory Depicts Factors. Answer: Introduction: The overall literature review mainly depicts factors, which could encourage students in choosing accounts ads their accounting course. In addition, the factors related to creating interest among students in the primary level are mainly depicted in the literature review. Moreover, the factors preventing students are also depicted in the literature review, which might be improved for motivating students to pursue accounts as their profession. Furthermore, the literature review mainly depicts the creation of new theories, which could be used in minimising the impact of new strategic factors. The declining enthusiasm of the students for pursuing account as their mainstream subject has negatively affected in accumulating brightest and best students in the accounting filed. Literature review: Factors that create interest: There are relevant factors that is been used for improving interest of the students in initial study level to motive them for pursuing accounts as their mainstream career. Buser Niederle and Oosterbeek (2014) stated the teacher and mentors of students majorly influence that career path. These factors are depicted as follows. Conducting tours in accounting firms: Many researchers mainly depicted that initiation of tours in middle school and senior school mainly helps students to pursue in the accounting field. The tours conducted in the accounting firms, chartered accounting firms and relevant accounting bodies could mainly instigate and motivate employees to take up accounting in professional career. Eren (2015) mentioned that majority of the students pursuing their career are mainly majorly influenced by a personality and without whom they could connect to in their daily life. However, the researchers could influence students by presenting the opportunities and success, which might be attained by taking accounts in their career. Interest in field: Teachers and relevant professors could only instigate interest in the field of accounts, which help in recruiting brightest and best students in the field. Increment in interest for accounting field could only be instigated with the help of relevant authorities in school level and at home. Depiction of relevant opportunities and authority to parent of student could mainly help in promoting accounting career within new students (Fayolle and Gailly 2015). Academic Aptitude and consultancy: The use of academic ability and aptitude test could also help in directing students to pursue in the accounting field. These aptitude tests could mainly help in promoting accounting as a field of study among potential students, as the result might show their intellect ability to pursue with the career. After the completion of aptitude test, relevant career consultancy could be provided for inspiring students to pursue jobs and career in the accounting field (Gordon and Steele 2015). Factors that prevent: There are different types of factors, which prevents the students for acknowledging account as their mainstream carrier. In addition, the following factors could be considered, which de-motivates the brightest and best students in perusing accounts as their mainstream education. Reduced promptness from teachers: As depicted by Kaminsky and Behrend (2015), teachers mainly promote creative jobs among students and instigate them to put a career in engineering, and science, which mainly reduces interest of the student for pursuing job as accountant. In addition, teachers do not conduct any kind of promotion for choosing accounting as a profession, as it is not a creative, rewarding and people oriented career. Wrong perception of being mathematical genius: The second main reason behind the factor preventing persuasion of accounting as professional career is the perception that accountants must be mathematical genius. This perception mainly reduces the overall quantity of students pursuing accounts as their profession. This could be conducted as the major factor, which does not motivate the students to purse accounts in their career. Majority of the students are mainly weak in maths and they tend to develop a mental barrier regarding numbers, which could be the main reason behind non-pursuance of accounting career among potential students (Sharf 2016). Wrong perception of limited scope and authority: Among brightest and best students, accounting career mainly poses low scope and authority, which could be achieved during their lifetime. This depiction of limited scope does not attract bright students for pursuing accountant jobs. Moreover, the accounting jobs have been presented in a wrong way to students, which reduces desires of becoming an accountant (Sieger and Monsen 2015). On the other hand, Speer (2017) argued that with the help of relevant promotional counselling and aptitude test students are instigated and motivate to pursue a profession of an accountant. Own Data: Relevant Factors that Affect Students Career Choice in Accounting is mainly evaluated in the above discussion. However, it could be understood that before completion of studies student needs to be inspired by their teachers. In addition, the teachers need to provide relevant explanation regarding the segregation of accounts and maths, which could help in reducing relevant fear among students for pursuing a career in accounting profession. Seeing the overall factors like finance, role of social media, personality, culture and environment could be identified, which plays a vital role in shaping career of young students. Furthermore, relevant the identified factors have mainly forced distinction level students to pursue other courses and opt for different profession. The culture and environment could be identified as the most influential factors, which shape the future profession of a student. Majority of the person whose parents are accountants do not want their child to be one, as the y could see no growth in their career. This mentality has mainly reduced intelligent students for pursuing a career as an accountant. Moreover, the second factor is finance and personality, which influences students to opt for the accountant job. There are no famous personalities or figures, which could influence new generation to continue with accounting career. The non-presence of famous personalities has mainly reduced the overall interest of new students in perusing a career in accounts. In addition, the financial factors are also considered while pursuing a career as an accountant. Furthermore, low pay grade of an accountant also de-motivates students to take up diffident careers for growth in its revenue. Lastly, social media plays a vital role in inspiring students for adopting new and different career path. Furthermore, in social media there are different types of personalities, who get relevant followers in the online platform. However, the current generation mainly wants to become who they could seen and admire, while accountants in the social media are not that attractive personality, who could not attract followers. This unapproachable condition of the accountants mainly changes students mentality to pursue it as a career option. Thus, the identified factors mainly reduce the current generations ability to seen relevant insight and develop likeness for an accountant job or pursue a career in accounts. Own Theory: Figure 1: Depicting the developed theory diagram graph (Source: As created by the author) The above figure mainly depict a relevant theory, which is been developed for inspiring students to opt of an accounting career. After the overall evaluation and discussion of the relevant theories is developed. In addition, relevant factors could be included in the nearly stage of a student life for inspiring them to become an accountant in future and follow the mainstream. The use of frequent seminar and depiction of opportunities in the accounting field could help in igniting desire for an accounting career among potential students. However, these ignited desires could be modelled with the help of counsellors and mentorship from teachers, who might provide valued details like aptitude test to define their actual career path. Moreover, industrial tours and meetings with professional could help in instigating desires among potential students. However, it could mainly be nurtured with the help of mentors and counsellors. The use of depicted theories could mainly help new student get an adequate perception of mainstream accounting and help in attracting intelligent youth in the field. These depicted theories could mainly help in reducing the unfavourable factors, which influenced students and help in attracting brilliant students in the accounting field. Conclusion: The overall literature review mainly depicts the different factors as mainstream creative career path is mainly considered now days by youth. In addition, there are relevant factors, which tend to influence students and motivate them to choose creative jobs and career. However, there is a new theory, which could be used in bringing intellectuals in the accounting career. Moreover, with experience and knowledge these individuals could come up with better accounting practices, which might help in reducing unethical accounting process of companies. The literature review depicts relevant theories stating the factors that create interest and prevent students to opt for accounting career. The relevant interest in the accounting field is mainly essential for attracting brightest and best students in mainstream accounting filed. References Buser, T., Niederle, M. and Oosterbeek, H., 2014. Gender, competition and career choices.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,129(3), pp.1409-1447. Eren, A., 2015. Not only satisfied and responsible, but also hopeful: prospective teachers career choice satisfaction, hope, and personal responsibility.Cambridge Journal of Education,45(2), pp.149-166. Fayolle, A. and Gailly, B., 2015. The impact of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial attitudes and intention: Hysteresis and persistence.Journal of Small Business Management,53(1), pp.75-93. Gordon, V.N. and Steele, G.E., 2015.The undecided college student: An academic and career advising challenge. Charles C Thomas Publisher. Kaminsky, S.E. and Behrend, T.S., 2015. Career choice and calling: Integrating calling and social cognitive career theory.Journal of Career Assessment,23(3), pp.383-398. Sharf, R.S., 2016.Applying career development theory to counseling. Cengage Learning. Sieger, P. and Monsen, E., 2015. Founder, academic, or employee? A nuanced study of career choice intentions.Journal of Small Business Management,53(S1), pp.30-57. Speer, J.D., 2017. Pre-market skills, occupational choice, and career progression.Journal of Human Resources,52(1), pp.187-246. Thomas Jr, J.C., Wolters, C., Horn, C. and Kennedy, H., 2014. Examining relevant influences on the persistence of African-American college students at a diverse urban university.Journal of College Student Retention: Research, Theory Practice,15(4), pp.551-573. Wan, Y.K.P., Wong, I.A. and Kong, W.H., 2014. Student career prospect and industry commitment: The roles of industry attitude, perceived social status, and salary expectations.Tourism Management,40, pp.1-14. Wang, M.T. and Degol, J., 2013. Motivational pathways to STEM career choices: Using expectancyvalue perspective to understand individual and gender differences in STEM fields.Developmental Review,33(4), pp.304-340. Wright, S.L., Perrone?McGovern, K.M., Boo, J.N. and White, A.V., 2014. Influential factors in academic and career self?efficacy: Attachment, supports, and career barriers.Journal of Counseling Development,92(1), pp.36-46.

Ethical and Social responsibility issues in IHRM

Labor Costs essays

Labor Costs essays If were going to explain why some people earn a great deal of income while others earn very little, we must consider both the supply and the demand for labor. We usually ask ourselves why does the average college graduate earn over $40,000 while the average high school graduate earn less than $25,000? To find answers to these questions we must examine the behavior of labor markets. We first must start by looking at supply of labor, which is the willingness and ability to work specific amounts of time at alternative wage rates in a given period. Offering to sell your time and talents to anyone whos willing to pay the right price. The reward of working comes in two forms: 1) The intrinsic satisfaction of working MBA grads say they care more about the intrinsic satisfaction than the pay. They also get huge paychecks however; those big paychecks are explained in part by the quantity of labor supplied. MBA grads often end up working 60 or more hours a week. The reason people are willing to work so many hours is that they want more income. Not working obviously has some value, too. We need some non work time just to recuperate form working. We also want some time to watch television, go to a soccer game in other word enjoy the goods and services weve purchased. The inevitable trade-off between labor and leisure explains the shape of individual labor supply curve. As we work more hours, our leisure time becomes scarce and more valuable. The upward slope of an individuals labor supply curve is thus a reflection of two potential phenomena (look at p.305 figure 15.1): 1) The increasing opportunity cost of labor as leisure time declines 2) The decreasing marginal utility of income as a person works more hours. Some people will work because of flexible hours or just to have time at home, for this reason people do not always go for what the wage is. Sometimes people are willin ...

The Race and the Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Race and the Community - Essay Example Some years ago members of certain races were discriminated in the communities and were seen to be inferior to others. This posed a threat to peaceful coexistence of the different people from different races. However with the civilization the racial discrimination slowly ebbed out. Today racial difference between different parties is almost meaningless. In this paper I will show the extent of a peaceful co-existent of the Cubans in the Bradenton county, Florida, among different races and how and racial identities in the county has helped built healthy and just communities though normally considered to be divisive (Herrera, 2001). The Bradenton county seat is located in the manatee county of Florida, a western state of the United States of America. Manatee County is found on the west coast of the state and is well connected to the other parts of the country. It is situated on the tamiana trail, and the paradise loop that connects top the Dixie highway. The town of Bradenton on the other hands connects well to the entire town and the villages of the county. Bradenton is the most metropolitan of the west coast state and the most rapidly growing county in the state. The county seat is located on the south bank of the manatee river which is useful in fishing, bathing boating and other sports. The county seat town is beautiful and has magnificent architectural designs, magnificent theatres, and hotels and a leader in celery distribution. The manatee county is one of the areas in Florida with the highest concentration of Latin American immigrants and specifically the Cuban Americans due to proximity to Cuba .Cuban Americans are people who emigrated from Cuba to America during the Spanish rule, and also those who emigrated in search of better lives, others were offered political refuge against the harsh Cuban rulers and became permanent citizens of USA. The population of Cubans is estimated to stand at 11% of the total migrant population with Mexicans comprising the highest percentage of the population. Assimilation of Cubans Apart from these Cuban ethnic communities other communities also have residence in the county (Maria, 1994). Some of them include the Bradenton town is a relatively, which is a cosmopolitan modern city. Other Migrants into the county comprised Mexicans, Mayans, Indians from Guatemala Asians and Spanish speakers. Just like the other communities, Cubans have well been assimilated into the cultures and the way of life of Americans. the people in this neighborhood travels and reside together and work together not just accidental but a well knit social unit bound together by the family relationships and the common local cultures of the different ethnicities. The Cuban have adopted all the aspect of the Americans, the language, tastes such that it is difficult to differentiate between a Cuban and other communities were it not for the physical characteristics. Cuban Americans have successfully establishing businesses and developing political clout by transforming Bradenton into a modern cit y (Herrera, 2001). Coexistence The threat of the coexistence of the races together and the subsequent emergence of the racial discrimination could be attributed to some cause. Racism evolved during the European exploration of the world and the discovery of new worlds. As the explores reached new lands the found the original inhabitants of such a place where more they waged

Toxic leadership more deatails will be up loaded Essay

Toxic leadership more deatails will be up loaded - Essay Example Toxic leaders are of different shapes and sizes. Contextually, intentionally toxic leaders consciously harm others or enrich themselves at the cost of others, while unintentionally toxic leaders cause serious harm to others by their irresponsible behaviour and their incompetence. It is worth mentioning that most of the toxic leaders are relatively not toxic at every time. They may exhibit toxic behaviour in certain circumstances but not in others. Moreover, the degree of toxicity generated by these leaders may not be the same and their toxicity may be varying. At the same time, their actions and the variable degree of toxicity represented by them may result in different form and intensity of harm (Lipman-Blumen, 2005). Behaviour of Toxic Leaders Initially, the behaviours of toxic leaders are appealing but eventually they manipulate, maltreat and demoralize their followers. Ultimately, the toxic leaders are engaged in an array of destructive behaviours. ... deliberate untruth Pretending to be incompetent and misdiagnosing problems and issues Maliciously setting goals and objectives to be achieved by their followers Demonstrating failure to develop and enhance skills and knowledge of their followers Dominating their followers and others by the misuse of their power and position Behaving arrogantly to negatively influence the behaviour of their followers and others Source: (Lipman-Blumen, 2005) Rise and Fall of the Three Leaders in the Context of Walton’s ACE Framework Walton (2007) views leadership behaviour through three lenses that make up ACE framework. Contextually, ACE framework stands for actor, context and external environment. Furthermore, ACE framework from the point of view of Walton, what he considers as ‘Lenses’ has been precisely depicted below: Lens1: observing the behaviour of the executive as actor Lens2: viewing the internal context of the organisation Lens3: re-viewing the external circumstances in w hich the organisation operates Source: (Walton, 2007) In order to evaluate the leadership behaviour of three leaders on the basis of Walton’s ACE framework, the selected leaders’ names include Yulia Tymoshemko, Bob Diamond and George W. Bush. Dimension A: Observing the Behaviour of the Executive as Actor Yulia Tymoshenko as an Actor Yulia V. Tymoshenko, former Prime Minister of Ukraine happened to be the Prime Minister after emerging as a hero of the country’s Orange Revolution that calmly removed pro-Russian regime during the year 2004. However, constant hostility with her allies dragged her government down and as a result of this she was defeated in the presidential election during February 2010 (The New York Times, 2012). Furthermore, in the year 2011, Ms. Tymoshenko was charged with abuse of

Bilateral Trade in the Economies of Various Countries Essay

Bilateral Trade in the Economies of Various Countries - Essay Example Trade flows from traditional partners is becoming complicated. This means that distance is also an important factor in the bilateral trade. Bilateral trade plays an important role in the economies of various countries. However, a country’s trade with another or others depends on a number of factors. Due to the developments in bilateral trade such as regional integration are major factors (Brun, Carrere and Guillaumont 99). These coupled with the distance between trading partners they impact on bilateral trade. These forces countries to find viable options that help attract trade flow. This study analyses USA’s situation with relation to its traditional trade partners from Europe, Asia, Africa and South America. The countries used in this study were selected on the basis of their GDP, exports volume and traditional trading activities with the USA. As a result, bilateral trade flows’ gravity model is estimated between the USA and its trading partners for the periods 1990 and 2011. The general hypothesis is: The gravity equation is considered probably the most applied empirical trade device for more than a decade now. Its main advantage is that when it is applied to extensive variety factors and goods moving across national and regional borders under varying circumstances, it always produces a good fit (Anderson and Eric 170). This makes it an ideal device for econometric methods of measuring trade. Nonetheless, with the emergence of new economic theory, advancement in international trade, and globalization, a unique empirical application of the model with respect to a country’s GDP and export capability in bilateral trade is required. The Gravity trade model helps in predicting the flows of the bilateral trade and these predictions are with the distance between units in their respective  economic directions as the basis of prediction. The model can be applied in various circumstances to provide an explanation in the flow of commodities on the international scale (Anderson 106).  

Weapon Trafficking When Will It End Politics Essay

Weapon Trafficking When Will It End Politics Essay The news that people hear coming from Mexico, especially in recent times have not been very positive. The continuing violence along the U.S.-Mexico border has escalated even more dramatically within the past few years, mainly because of the Mexican governments constant efforts to cut off Mexican drug trafficking organizations (DTO). The violence associated with Mexican DTOs continues to hurl major challenges and obstacles towards U.S. law enforcement, while at the same time threatening the citizens on both sides of the border. Drug trafficking may be the root to these problems, but the firearms used to perpetrate crimes in Mexico are being illegally trafficked from the U.S. across the southwest Border and is causing serious problems as well. There needs to be a complete removal, or at the least a reduction of the illegal arms passing through the border, but this can only occur through an improved sense of security and supervision and regulation of the arms market. Not only will the f ailure to bring improvement to this situation raise the level of violence and deaths along the U.S.-Mexico border, but will further diminish what the border was made to stand for, in promoting free trade and globalization. To start off, Mexico itself has very strict gun laws, especially the gun-ownership regulations. Very rarely will you witness citizens carrying guns with them or around the house, because of the serious issues that revolve around the possession of these weapons. Since the countrys already existing constitution makes it legal for the citizens to bear arms, the conditions it places on the actual ownership, through amendments to the constitution prove to be much more strict and limiting. The fact that only one body is permitted to sell weapons, and it is run by the army makes it even harder to attain or own these weapons (Ellingwood). Although these rules and regulations are given to the citizens of this country, it does not mean that the weapon-smuggling situation is completely under control and taken care of; as you will learn later on, there are definitely a few ways around any law or institutional arrangement, and the involving parties definitely know how to make the most of the ways around the system by utilizing many types of illegal trade. Yet the violence in the northern border states of Mexico seems to be produced not only by weapons being brought illegally from Mexico, but also by those weapons trafficked illegally from the United States. Since these dangerous firearms are still not legally available for sale in Mexico, it leaves it up to the various drug cartels to smuggle them through the U.S. or Guatemalan borders, or even by sea as a last resort (Money, Guns). A good number of these firearms are brought in by foreign countries by cartel members that participate in these illegal trades and theft and then they are smuggled to Mexico a few at a time. Now in a neighboring country, such as our very own, where most people who own guns have the right to bear arms and are protected by the rights, a small number of gun shows are put together and showcased nearly every weekend of the year. States like Texas, Arizona and California are considered to be the three main source states and hotspots that supply for the vast majo rity of the guns that are bought and snuck into Mexico (Gunrunner). To be able to absolutely prevent these guns from making their way south is a pretty tough battle that challenges the power of the second amendment rights of US citizens against the ever so bloody battles and increasing numbers of Mexican victims of these mini wars that are killed everyday by these brutal weapons that are bought here in the US (Gun Control). As far as the locations where these guns are purchased from, the Gun shows that are put on by the source states take place a couple of times a year, as mentioned earlier. For example, in Arizona, the gun shows occur almost every weekend. They are often times organized by a variety of different groups and unified organizations. One of the well known organizations goes by the name of the Arizona Arms Association, and since they are a group that is most importantly legal and allowed, they are given the power to partake in private transactions between gun owners and citizens. In being able to utilize such a network of these strawmen, the native Mexican arms traffickers have the potential to collect over a dozen of different weapons each weekend (Cartel). After they gather these weapons each week, their next move is to smuggle them into Mexico, which is usually executed using over land routes with a wide range of vehicles and means of transportation that are able to hold a quantity of weapons that are much smaller across the various border crossings. This type of smuggling, in which smaller groupings of guns are smuggled across the border, is known to be called ant trafficking, and continues to serve as one of the biggest reasons why it is so hard to actually detect these weapons that are being pushed down south from the U.S. region of the border. Now focusing back on the gun show, in the positions of the vendor, some private vendors are often entered into the world of the gun trade by taking on the role of a supplier, where he/she takes the orders ahead of time and to make deliveries at a later time, which would most likely take place at an upcoming gun show or event (Gun Control). These people then round up the repeat clients and gradually produce the majority of the supply source for the arms traffickers which have been reported by Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives also known as the (PAYAN). Once again, as mentioned earlier the main issue with this is that these transactions are not always closely and precis ely monitored, and so more times than not it puts the salesperson in a position where he/she is able to recognize interested buyers who are likely to be purchasing weapons for a third party. These so-called strawmen who serve as salesmen are the main suppliers and catalysts of these illicit and dangerous weapons that flow southbound, which they sell off to or illegally hand to gun traffickers who then round up and separate into groups and categories of the shipments at certain border crossings. Once they reach their destination in Mexico, the weapons smugglers are ready to make thousands and thousands on their merchandise (Gun Control). For example, an already used AK-47 assault rifle may sell for around 400 U.S. dollars and possibly more. In addition, an AR-15 rifle also has the potential to sell for 800 U.S. dollars up to 2,000 U.S. dollars, but that depends mostly on the model number of years it has been in production for that specific weapon as well as other options and accessories such as the scope or trigger. In Mexico, these weapons start to become more valuable and rocket in re-sell price, and in some rare cases as much as a whopping triple or more, according to the ATF (Gun Control). So an AK-47 rifle that has been purchased in Arizona for about 500 U.S. dollars might go for as much as 1,500 U.S. dollars or more once it crosses the border (Gun Control). At border crossings, Mexican customs agents are usually in the perfect position to interrogate and have the right to detect all smuggled weapons, but their can be a gut-wrenching one at times. Many times, these agents are given a pretty harsh ultimatum which goes by the name of Plata o plomo, meaning silver or lead which then translates into take the bribe or take a bullet. This message, is often times sent by Mexican organized crime groups and targeted to those who patrol the Mexican side of border crossings, known as plazas (Cartel). So here is another factor in why it may be difficult at times to put a halt to the weapon trafficking. Since these Mexican cartels are so menacing and uncooperative, the custom agents who are given the task to detect weapons, are presented with life and death decisions. Certain happenings like these just add on to the fact that it will be difficult to put an end to this war. These kinds of encounters are vital in understanding the rise of violence along the borders, because agents should not be in a position to be fearing of their lives. In the US, the second amendment advocates and supports the gun shows that many people consider an excuse to make weapon smuggling allowed and operating. While the political views surrounding tracing and information sharing can be a bit complicated, the procedure of buying the guns and the required background checks has been reorganize and restructured. These background checks are not required at gun shows because the sales are oftentimes considered to be made between two private and unlicensed individuals instead of a licensed dealer and an individual, which usually takes place in legitimate gun stores where a background check is indeed mandatory. Even the background checks that are made in gun stores are simple and quick (Gunrunner). For example, when a customer at a store is ready to make his/her purchase, the seller of the product is supposed to make a phone call to an ATF hotline, where the person gives out the proper information to the person talking on the other end of the hotl ine. Usually, this process should take less than five or ten minutes, but within the past couple of years, this background check has transformed into a slow and grueling process (Gunrunner). As for the strawmen, who buy off the weapons from law abiding gun merchants serve as a stepping stone into the crooked world of the grey market, where the weapons stay put until they are smuggled into Mexico and then resold. Before these guns are let into the hands of others, usually for criminal use, expert gunsmiths thoroughly check and inspect the working parts, and clean them for the necessary adjustments to transform a usual semi-automatic into a dangerous fully automatic assault weapons. They tweak parts of the gun and make them stronger. Once the strawman flees the scene of the store with gun in their hand, or leaves the show area in the case of a gun show or event, it becomes pretty much impossible to trace the weapon until it is picked up or discovered at a crime scene or if it has been seized. Often times, the weapons that have been captured in Mexico are able to be traced back to gun stores in the US, but the only pieces of information the gun dealer is allowed to legally share with is the information that has already been attained and solidified by the background check. As you can see, the tracing of the weapons captured in Mexico back to the US is proves to be a very complicated and frustrating matter. Due to this complicated process, a large number of weapons usually remain untraced due to the fact that the agents do not want to harass or bother with the bureaucracy (Cartel). In the U.S., there are approximately 2 million guns owned currently, and at any given time, any one of these guns has the potential to be sold to both men and women who will then smuggle them to Mexico. Reasons can range from personal use and self-defense while others for recreational or criminal use. When put together, the mixture of such a enormous supply with demand mixed in with the ant-trafficking produces a countless number of opportunities and possibilities, variables and pretty much leaves the ATF and others with only a limited arsenal of legal tools and, most importantly, gives them the constitutional rights to respect and defend (Gunrunner). As you can see, the conflict here resides in the fact that there are so many possible ways for these weapons to be smuggled, and with all the underground activity that is going on, it can be a very difficult task for the ATF to track down these trades at times. In a sense, the amount of illegal trafficking that is being presented here c an also be overwhelming to the forces that are trying to prevent the illicit trafficking of these weapons. As far as the types of guns that are smuggled, the most popular, or common smuggled firearms include the AR-15 and AK-47 type rifles, FN 5.7 caliber semi-automatic pistols and a variety of .50 caliber rifles and machine guns (AK-47). About a fourth of these AK-47 assault rifles that have been seized have also been created and fixed up to select fire weapons, which then allows for the assault rifles to be used by the cartels (AK-47). In the past, there have been a great number of reports regarding grenade launchers being used against security forces, and at least a dozen M4 Carbines with M203 grenade launchers have been confiscated (AK-47). It was believed that a lot of these lethal and high power weapons alongside their related accessories were actually stolen from U.S. military bases. However, the majority of these military grade guns and heavy duty weapons like grenades and light weight rockets are brought in by the cartels via the humongous supply of arms that remained after the w ars in Central America and Asia. The weapons that are being smuggled are serious weapons that can cause heavy damage and harm, so just the fact that the weapons talked about in this arms trafficking war are heavy duty once again reminds us of how dangerous this situation can get. This constant flow of arms between groups has lead to what has been dubbed the iron river of guns, because of the pouring amount of ammunition and light weapons that have been in flow southbound into Mexico, and how the organized crime hit men and others then use them in order to fight off the Mexican military and police. More times than not, innocent civilians are caught in the midst of shoot outs and random collision between the opposite groups and that is what leads to the rising number of deaths and high volume of violence throughout the years. The resulting body count that is the end product of this violence has greatly pressured the Mexican government over time to call for additional help from the U.S. capital, but these leaders have continued to remain silent and stubborn to put forth a strict gun control legislation. Many have waited and waited for someone to step up to the plate and address the problems along the border, but the subject has been ignored time and time again. Finally, in April of last year, a statement was made by U.S. President Barack Obama regarding the ongoing arms trafficking situation between the U.S. and Mexico, and to no surprise it sparked a serious and very much heated debate. The President, who referred to the data gathered from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (A.T.F.), stated that 90% of the weapons that were seized in Mexico could be traced back to the U.S. (ATF) In concurrence with supporters of putting forth a stricter gun regulation and opponents of the so-called War on Drugs, this information helped their cause and pushed to strengthen their cases. On the other side of the table, the statistic of 90% was greatly criticized and put down by the people who were against the finding of new or alternative solutions to the current situation in Mexico and also to any thoughts or ideas of making some changes regarding gun ownership in the U.S. Out of all the top news corporations, Fox News projected that the percentage of arms that could be traced back to the U.S. was actually closer to 17% percent (Gunrunner). This is a prime example of how things can get taken out of context and a serious issue at hand can be mistaken or overlooked because of little details that are misrepresented or reported. Not only does this add more unnecessary nonsense to a situation and blow it up bigger than what it already is, but it makes the already existing problem a dragging subject. In order to give the material substance and to enhance its rich meaning, all data must be presented in its original context; otherwise, statistics risk becoming meaningless sound bites and generalizations. In the Firearms Trafficking Report, given by the American Government Accountability Office (GAO), they explain the importance that even though it is pretty much impossible to know the exact number of firearms that are illegally smuggled into Mexico in a certain year, roughly 87% of the firearms that are obtained by the Mexican authorities and traced within the past couple of years originally started off in the U.S., according to the data that was gathered from Dept. of Justices Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. Also, according to the Mexican and U.S. officials, these firearms have been increasingly more powerful and lethal in recent years. The report continues to polish and purify its data and information, by pointing out that between 2005 and 2008, more than 90% of the firearms that were obtained in Mexico and traced have once again, come from the United States (Gunrunner). When put together, there are a couple of elements that make the overall presentation of thi s data more convincing than just some random statistics put together because there was limited time frame, there was a specific set of weapons seized and traced, which applies to all illegal trade, and that the truth of the matter of the arms trade was imprecise. With all that being said, besides all the conditions and uncertainties that the percentages hold in these reports, there is no denying that there is a considerable amount of movement of weapons from the U.S. to Mexico that, to the dismay of many people, find their way into the hands of the people that are involved in this problematic drug trade. The G.A.O. report makes note of the fact that this trafficking is certainly not new to officials on the border, explaining that the U.S. and Mexican government and law enforcement officials did not see any reason why the drug cartels would go through so much hassle and endure the difficult task of obtaining a gun somewhere else in the world and then transporting it to Mexico when it is so easy and so simple for them to do so from the U.S. (Ellington). This proves to be in unison with the reports statement that even though the eTrace data only corresponds to data from the gun trace requests that were turned in from confiscation in Mexico and n ot all the guns seized, it is currently the only methodical and precise data available. Furthermore, the conclusions that the majority of firearms seized and traced were originally in the United States were consistent with the final conclusions reached by U.S. and Mexican government and law enforcement officials personally involved in the prevention and reducing of arms trafficking to Mexico (Cartel). The G.A.O.s data proves to be pretty clear and straight forward in its presentation. Although, the 90% figure that is being brought up constantly in these reports is just an extra number that creates a shock factor to an already stirring issue. Still, while discussions continue as to the appropriate use of this number, the reality is still readily apparent: there is an important and undeniable illegal market of weapons at the U.S.-Mexico border that fuels the violence between different drug-trafficking organizations. In Loreys book The U.S.-Mexican Border into the twenty-First century, he argues that the long-term objective of thinking and policymaking should be to overcome the U.S.-Mexican border (Lorey 12). When he says this, it could mean resolving material inequalities between the two sides of the boundary and more importantly, reducing conflict between the nations. Weapon trafficking is a serious issue that has been lingering for many years, and in order to cooperate with Loreys arguments, the weapons that are short in Mexico need to be dealt with in a different manner. Also, the violent conflicts between the government and drug cartels need to be put to rest. The task at hand may be difficult and long, but there are blueprints to solutions that can be implemented. The main obstacle and challenge that lies ahead in the fight against trafficking, and also where the conversation should be the focus of, is to address the different flaws in the system that ultimately makes way for such arms-trafficking to happen. The G.A.O. report makes not of certain factors that make trafficking possible, including faults and weaknesses found in both the Mexican and U.S. dealings, as well as the system of government: Uncontrolled and universal corruption in the Mexican government; Fragile and weak institutional links and information sharing between A.T.F. and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) that lead to incomplete data; The absence of a Spanish language version of the eTrace program to be utilized by the Mexican authorities. Focusing in on these issues will help improve the quality of information being received by both U.S. and Mexican authorities, which can also lead to a much more informed and knowledgeable anti-arms trafficking strategy. This do es not mean that there must be a complete stop in the ongoing actions and efforts to reduce the weapons trafficking, but that the information gathering and collection and sharing between the countries and institutions must get better. There is hope in finding solutions to these weaknesses in the system. In efforts to help improve information collection and sharing, the ATF is hopeful that future funding and increased cash flow will eventually allow for these manuals (eTrace program) to be translated into Spanish, and also to put in a greater number agents on the border alongside an expansion of real-time intelligence sharing between the ATF and the many agents in Mexico. But besides the obviously simple and easy task at hand of translating English to Spanish, the new plans of the Merida Initiative, which is the name of the new proposal brought forth, guarantees to give the Mexican authorities scanners. These scanners, which will be planted at or near the main border crossings, will then be set up completely in order to detect and locate the drugs in traffic moving north and guns in traffic moving south (Mex). There are little things that can change that can help lead to the ultimate goal of reducing the smuggling of these weapons into Mexico, and it is reassuring to hear that after so many years, things are starting to progress and advance in putting an end to a situation that has caused so many problems for so many years. But it is also very important for us not to lose sight of some of the larger issues at hand surrounding arms trafficking at the U.S.-Mexico border. We must keep in mind that in both countries, even with the few restrictions, the weapons markets are legal. And as it applies to all kinds of markets, it is in the interest of those that are involved in the business to keep it alive and running. Being a weapon dealer, especially in the U.S. it is a very vital role they play in the market. For example, according to a 2006 report, the Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, also known as the CATDN put together and produced by the nonpartisan Congressional Research Service (C.R.S.), which is an office of the Library of Congress, the United States was by far the leading supplier of weapons to the developing world (ATF). Furthermore, in a report that came out in more recent times, the C.R.S. reported that for a 3 year span for the 2005-2008 timeframe, the United States and Russia st ood tall and completely took charge of the arms market in the developing world in the value of arms transfer agreements. These statistics may seem honor worthy and impressive, but when considering the relationship between the U.S. and Mexico, the statistics seem to diminish in value and glory as the weapons that are being brought to Mexico from the U.S. is doing more harm than it is doing good. These reports have also made it clear that is it the eighth consecutive year in a row that the United States has been a leader and top force in worldwide arms deliveries (Gunrunner). And even though the report does not really break down the information for the Latin American region, the report also makes clear note that the U.S. and Russia are the regions two biggest suppliers of these weapons. Even though the U.S. is the world leader in weapons agreements according to these reports, there are indeed other countries that also sell and re-sell weapons. While the data from the reports seems to confirm that the vast majority of these weapons are found and captured in Mexico make their expedition into the country over the U.S. border, it is also most likely that many of these weapons travel through different routes as well. A good number of the arms seized could have also arrived in Mexico through legal transactions that occur time to time between governments but somehow have found their way into the illegal market coincidentally and ultimately into the hands of these drug cartel members. The data from reports may explain general facts and information, but sometimes things can happen without any documentation, and that is where the information gathering and collecting, and addressing of these actions needs to shape up. In conclusion, the ongoing discussion and debate on the U.S.-Mexico border and also on the future of the relationship between these two countries is not an easy one to put to rest or come up with a solution. There are so many important subject matters that are also in need of attention: immigrant migration (legal and illegal), the drug policy, border communications, homeland security, and a mutual environment, just to name a couple. It is clear that, although the tiniest details have the ability to offer a foretaste into the bigger picture, to rely and base the conversation purely on the immediate, just like the debate over Obamas use of the 90% statistic, is to completely lose focus of the much greater and more significant debate that holds the future of a complex and vibrant relationship. The reality of all this is that an illegal arms market is one discussion that fits that description and will be a hot issue for many more years to come until the problem is fixed permanently. In t his circumstance, it is clear that the number of illegal weapons passing through the border every year must be significantly and immediately reduced, and this can only happen through tighter supervision and adjustment of the arms market.

Comparing Hinduism and Buddhism Essay -- Compare Contrast

Comparing Hinduism and Buddhism While Hinduism and Buddhism come from the same cultural backgrounds, they are extremely diverse in their beliefs on afterlife, deity, and rituals. Both religions believe in reincarnation, but it is where an individual goes after he or she gets off the endless cycle that differs. These religions also part when it comes to whom they do or do not worship. Every religion comes with rituals and Hinduism and Buddhism are no exceptions. Hindu followers have no doubt they go to moksha after they accomplish redemption, but Buddhists believe that the main goal is to achieve nirvana in the afterlife. A Hindu can conquer redemption by living a life of asceticism. After becoming a Sadhu, or holy man, and renouncing all material possessions they are able to be one wit...

Book Review: Human Communication as Narration

In perhaps his most important contribution to rhetorical theory and the understanding of human communication, Walter Fisher presents an explanation of his narrative paradigm in Human Communication as Narration: Toward a Philosophy of Reason, Value and Action. This book essentially elaborates on and refines Fisher’s previous articles on the narrative paradigm and aims to present a more complete explanation of the theory’s roots, as well as its main tenets and relevant applications.Human Communication as Narration begins with an exhaustive examination of the history of narratives and logic, which includes his assertion that the logic by which human communication should be assessed return to the roots of the original meaning of logos: â€Å"story, reason, rationale, conception, discourse, thought† (p. 10). He asserts that Plato and Aristotle transformed the word logos into a specific term that applied only to philosophical/technical discourse, which launched a †Å"historical hegemonic struggle† that has lasted for more than 2,000 years (p. 10).Fisher explains that the positivist, â€Å"rational-world paradigm† that emphasized formal logic and reasoning (p. 58) is improved upon with his view of a more post-modern, ontological foundation where meaning is co-created through less formal structures like stories. In resurrecting the original meaning of logos, grounding his theory in ontology, and classifying human beings as â€Å"Homo narrans† (p. xi) , or storytelling animals, Fisher rejects the notion that technical logic is the only path to truth and knowledge, and argues that, as the ancients believed, all human communication is rational and contains truth and knowledge (p. 0). This more inclusive account of human communication together with the view that all human communication needs to be seen as stories sets the foundation for Fishers’ theory of narratives. In presenting the main points of his narrative theory ov er several chapters, Fisher explains that humans experience and understand life as a series of ongoing narratives, and that these stories are symbolic interpretations of â€Å"aspects of the world that [are] historically and culturally grounded and shaped by human personality† (p. 9). Given that stories are more than just a figure of speech and have the power to both inform and influence, Fisher establishes â€Å"narrative rationality† as a universal logic and means for the assessment for stories that is accessible by nature to all human beings (p. 47). This assessment is tested against narrative â€Å"probability (coherence) and fidelity (truthfulness and reliability)† (p. 47) – in other words, humans come to believe in and act on stories in so much as they relate to and identify with them.Going back to his assertion that human communication doesn’t have to exist in perfect structures of rhetorical arguments, he further explains that all humans po ssess the ability to reason and can therefore both communicate and accept truth as â€Å"good reasons† (p. 105). Perhaps an even better, more succinct explanation of this comes earlier in the book where Fisher states that â€Å"the materials of the narrative paradigm are symbols, signs of consubstantiation, and good reasons [are] the communicative expression of social reality† (p. 5). By including both formal logic and a logic of â€Å"good reasons† in the basis for argument, Fisher’s narrative paradigm contributes to rhetorical theory by expanding the meaning of persuasion just as Burke’s theory of identification did. Since the average person isn’t trained in formal logic, Fisher believed that the logic of good reasons (i. e. common sense), sits above all other persuasive means since it is universal and inherent in all human communication.Fisher goes on to assert that narrative rationality should also be â€Å"the foundation on which a com plete theory of rhetoric needs to be built† (p. 194). In this sense, the selection of stories we tell and come to accept is demonstrative of who we are and what we want others to believe about us. In the final section of his book, Fisher applies his narrative rationality in several real-world case studies including the rhetoric of Ronald Reagan, Death of a Salesman, The Great Gatsby and the philosophical discussion between Socrates and Callicles in Plato’s Gorgias.These examples provide a helpful demonstration of how narrative rationality can be used to assess the coherence, truthfulness and reliability of stories across a wide range of contexts. In conceptualizing and applying narrative rationality, Fisher contributes an important method for the study of narratives in a variety of communication contexts, which is one of the most important contributions he makes to the study of communication. Through Human Communication as Narration, Fisher provided a more accessible, u niversal means for communicating and understanding human truth.Drawing inspiration from the works of Kenneth Burke, Alasdair MacIntyre, Stephen Toulmin and Chaim Perelman, Fisher’s narrative paradigm argues that formal logic and the positivist view are inadequately prepared to account for the motives and values in human communication. He offers a broader explanation that all forms of human communication are driven by and evolve from our inherent need to determine whether an accounting of new knowledge matches up with what we already know.In the 30 years since Human Communication as Narration was first published, scholars and professionals from a wide range of disciplines have applied Fisher’s narrative paradigm in a variety of contexts. Narrative methods for rhetorical analysis and criticism have been used by Barbara Sharf (1990), Hollihan and Riley (1987), and Michael Cornfield (1992), among many others. In 1993, David Mains argued that the time was ripe for a move to ward narrative sociology, which asserted that â€Å"sociology’s phenomena is made up precisely of stories† (p. 2) as well as that sociologists are mainly narrators. The use of narratives as a means for persuasion in advertising and public relations has been widely documented in recent years by Cinzia Bianchi (2011); Barbara Stern, Craig Thompson and Eric Arnould (1998); and Melanie Green (2006). The narrative paradigm has also been deployed in interpersonal communication and organizational communication (Ashcraft & Pacanowsky, 1996). And a large body of research has been dedicated to the study of narratives as a strategy in conflict resolution as well (Gergen & Gergen, 2006; Sandole et al. 2009). These are just a few of the ways in which Fisher’s narrative paradigm still contributes to the understanding of human communication today. But while the narrative paradigm has enjoyed a renaissance of late with new research that refines and extends the theory (Currie, 2 005; Kirkwood, 1992; McClure, 2009; Stroud, 2002), largely due to its growing multi-disciplinary interest as noted above, it has also attracted much criticism. But while these scholars recognized its value, they have also demonstrated that it is not as useful for critical analysis as it aimed to be.Stroud (2002) found issue with the lack of account for contradiction in stories when assessing narrative rationality. Kirkwood (1992) felt that Fisher’s narrative rationality is limiting in that it doesn’t allow for the possibilities of new stories to be accepted and acted upon. He goes on to argue that a â€Å"rhetoric of possibility† presented through narratives can better account for how rhetors challenge people with â€Å"new and unsuspected possibilities of being and action in the world† (Kirkwood, 1992, p. 31).McClure (2009) also specifically argued that the narrative paradigm must also account for the â€Å"inventional possibilities of new narratives, t he rhetorical revision of old narratives, and the appeal and acceptance of improbable narrative accounts† (p. 191). He also asserts that by expanding the role of Burke’s identification, the narrative paradigm can become a more viable theory and method of criticism. While several scholars have both praised and criticized Fisher’s narrative paradigm, the part of his story that related to narrative’s origins, philosophical foundation and relevance to human communication rang true for me.In my study of rhetorical theory I, too, have often felt that the structures of formal argument are too constricting and limiting in their ability to interpret all forms of persuasive communication. When using Fisher’s own narrative rationality to measure the coherence and fidelity of Human Communication as Narration, I find it to be both coherent and true – especially from my viewpoint as a woman living in a post-modern, post-structuralist society who works in t he field of public relations where stories are the very fabric of our communication strategies.And while I recognize the validity of the proposed extensions of his theory by Kirkwood (1992), McClure (2009) and Stroud (2002), I feel they also serve as proof points for the generative power of Fisher’s paradigm in new ways of thinking about stories. References Ashcraft, K. & Pacanowsky, M. (1996). â€Å"A woman’s worst enemy†: Reflections on a narrative of organizational life and female identity. Journal of Applied Communication Research, 24, 217-239. Bianchi, C. (2011). Semiotic approaches to advertising texts and strategies: Narrative, passion, marketing.Semiotica, 183, 243-271. Cornfield, M. (1992). The press and political controversy: The case for narrative analysis. Political Communication, 9, 47-59. Currie, M. (2005). Postmodern narrative theory. New York: St. Martin’s Press. Fisher, W. R. (1987). Human communication as narration: Toward a philosophy o f reason, value and action. Columbia, SC: University of South Carolina Press. Gergen, M. & Gergen, K. (2006). Narratives in action. Narrative Inquiry, 16, 112-121. Green, M. (2006). Narratives and cancer communication. Journal of Communication, 56, 163-183.Hollihan, T. & Riley, P. (1987). The rhetorical power of a compelling story. Communication Quarterly, 35, 13-25. Kirkwood, W. G. (1992). Narrative and the rhetoric of possibility. Communication Monographs, 59, 30-47. Maines, D. (1993). Narrative’s moment and sociology’s phenomena: Toward a narrative sociology. The Sociological Quarterly, 34, 17-38. McClure, K. (2009). Resurrecting the narrative paradigm: Identification and the case of Young Earth Creationism. Rhetoric Society Quarterly, 39, 189-211. Sandole, D. , Byrne, S. , Sandole-Saroste, I. & Senehi, J. Eds. ). (2009). The handbook of conflict analysis and resolution. Routledge: New York. Sharf, B. (1990). Physician-patient communication as interpersonal rhetoric : A narrative approach. Health Communication, 2, 217-231. Stern, B. , Thompson, C. & Arnould, E. (1998). Narrative analysis of a marketing relationship: The consumer's perspective. Psychology & Marketing, 15, 195-214. Stroud, S. (2002). Multivalent narratives: Extending the narrative paradigm with insights from ancient philosophical thought. Western Journal of Communication, 66, 369-393.

Camila essays

Camila essays I watched the Spanish movie written by Maria Luisa Bemberg called Camila. Camila is a true love story that in its time was named the Best Foreign film. In the plot there is a young woman called Camila who had a forbidden love for her priest Ladislao Guiterrez. After many true confessions to him Ladislao falls in love with her and they flee their home for the provinces. After arriving in the provinces they get married and have many steamy nights together. After A while there is a priest who recognizes Father Ladislao on night while he attended a rooster fight. So the couple was thrown in jail to await their sentence. While in Jail Camila found out that she is pregnant with her husbands baby. However, this does not stop the government to sentence them both to death. They die at the hands of a firing squad eventhough it took longer for Camila because the men did not want to shoot her because of her pregnancy. In the end the couple got what they wanted to be together and in love for ete rnity. I had a hard time watching this Spanish movie I enjoy Spanish culture but many of the films that I have watch have had many steamy love scenes that make me uncomfortable. I think that the Spanish are more open with things of this nature. This movie was very sad and at the end I really wanted Camila and even the father to be able to have life because the only crime that they had committed was falling in love. ...

to kill a mockin bird essays

to kill a mockin bird essays In 1963 Martin Luther King Jr. gave a speech called I Have a Dream. The purpose of this speech was to change the way that African Americans are treated; Martin Luther King Jr. uses metaphors, repetition, and historical reference to enhance his purpose. The speech I Have a Dream has many metaphorical references. One quote in particular helps show the power and effectiveness of metaphors. One hundred years later, the life of the Negro is still sadly crippled by the manacles of segregation and the chains of discrimination(1). This quote demonstrates one of his uses of metaphors. Martin Luther King Jr. is saying that even after African Americans were pronounced free one hundred years ago they are still experiencing persecution and prejudice for the color of their skin. This is valuable to his purpose because it gives people a new perspective on how people treat African Americans even after they declared that they were free. Martin Luther King Jr. uses repetition throughout his speech. Repetition is a very powerful tool when writing; it puts extra emphasis on things you are trying to get across to your audience. A quote which shows this is I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: we hold these truths to be self evident: that all men are created equal. I have a dream...(2). In this case repetition is being used to get across the point that Martin Luther King Jr. hopes that the future of the African American will be much brighter (which is the purpose of the speech as a whole). By using repetition it forces the listener to pay attention to that part in the speech in particular due to the repetition of the sound. This helps his purpose because it projects the thinking of every African American at that time, giving the non-African American people a picture of what they dream to come in the ...

Midterm Paper Rewrite Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Midterm Paper Rewrite - Essay Example Does this reflect the true picture of what beauty stands for today Definitely not! The "Curse of the Fashionista" will rob you of your identity and will steal the personality that makes you uniquely appealing. We express our shock when a model publicly dies on the runaway from the culmination of years of anorexia. Yet, thousands more suffer in private, away from the public's eye while celebrities promote this disease and its disastrous consequences. The recent case of the Ramos sisters brought only a fleeting glance at the fashion industry's policies that condone and promote an unhealthy body weight. The lure of stardom is quickly traded away, and the unethical practices continue. Cosmetics can be an instant cover-up or a dynamic enhancement for a woman's natural beauty. However, the long-term effects of these chemicals on the skin are mostly unknown, potentially damaging, and may be fatal. The women of England began to paint their faces with powdered white lead to imitate the pale complexion of Queen Elizabeth I. The product worked wonders while the women fell ill to lead poisoning. Today, women taking oral tyrostat for skin whitening have little information about its unforeseen side effects. Recent events indicate that drug companies may have trouble detecting side effects even after years of rigorous testing.

Critical Research Paper Influences Paper Proposal

Critical Paper Influences Paper - Research Proposal Example Ð…amuel Langhorne ClemenÃ'• (Mark Twain) waÃ'• born in Florida, MiÃ'•Ã'•ouri, of a Virginian family. The family Ã'•oon moved to Hannibal, MiÃ'•Ã'•ouri, where Twain waÃ'• brought up. At Ã'•chool, accroding to hiÃ'• own wordÃ'•, he "excelled only in Ã'•pelling". After hiÃ'• fatherÃ'• death in 1847, Twain waÃ'• apprenticed to a printer. Her alÃ'•o Ã'•tarted hiÃ'• career aÃ'• a journaliÃ'•t by writing for the Hannibal Journal. Later Twain worked aÃ'• a licenÃ'•ed MiÃ'•Ã'•iÃ'•Ã'•ippi river-boat pilot (1857-61). HiÃ'• famouÃ'• penname Twain adopted from the call (Mark twain! – meaning by the mark of two fathomÃ'•) uÃ'•ed when Ã'•ounding river Ã'•hallowÃ'•. But thiÃ'• iÃ'•nt the full Ã'•tory: he had alÃ'•o Ã'•atirized an older writer, IÃ'•aiah Ð…ellerÃ'•, who called himÃ'•elf Mark Twain. In 1861 Twain Ã'•erved briefly aÃ'• a confederate irregular. The Civil War put an end to the Ã'•teamboat traffic, and during a period when Twain waÃ'• out of work, he lived in a primitive cabin on JackaÃ'•Ã'• Hill and tried hiÃ'• luck aÃ'• a gold-miner. "I would have been more or leÃ'•Ã'• than human if I had not gone mad like the reÃ'•t," he confeÃ'•Ã'•ed. Twain moved to Virginia City, where he edited two yearÃ'• Territorial EnterpriÃ'•e. On February 3, 1863, Mark Twain waÃ'• born when he Ã'•igned a humorouÃ'• travel account with that pÃ'•eudonym. In 1864 Twain left for California, where worked in Ð…an FranciÃ'•co aÃ'• a reporter. After hearing a Ã'•tory about a frog, Twain made an entry in hiÃ'• notebook: "Coleman with hiÃ'• jumping frog – bet a Ã'•tranger $50. – Ð…tranger had no frog and C. got him one: – In the meantime Ã'•tranger filled CÃ'• frog full of Ã'•hot and he couldnt jump. The Ã'•trangerÃ'• frog won." From theÃ'•e lineÃ'• he developed Jim Ð…miley and hiÃ'• Jumping Frog which waÃ'• publiÃ'•hed in The Ð…aturday PreÃ'•Ã'• of New York on the 18th of November in 1865. It waÃ'• reprinted all over the country and became the foundation Ã'•tone of THE CELEBRATED JUMPING FROG OF CALAVERAÐ…

Training Design Proposal Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Training Design Proposal - Assignment Example The training course is based on conducting the performance review. The course is designed for managers and will take two days. The purpose of the training is to impart knowledge on how to use effective feedback skills when conducting performance reviews. As a system, training is an integrated part that measures performance against a criterion linked to strategic objectives (Blanchard 2013). The objective of this training is to improve feedback skills as lack of proper feedback skills results in poor performance within the organization. When managers fail to effectively deliver performance reviews to employees, then the result would be poor employee output and that would affect the overall performance of the organization. The training would entail variety, activity and participation. The learning outcomes for the programme is to identify the needs of the managers, develop a training programme that meets these needs, implement the developed programme and lastly, evaluate the effectiveness of the programme. The training is designed using the ADDIE model (Blanchard 2013). The model involves analysing the training programme, identifying the relevant design, developing the training programme, implementation of the design and evaluation. The content covered in the topic will be based on performance review. The training will cover the significance of performance review and effective systems for performance review. Also included in the programme are barriers and ethical issues governing performance review, solutions to the identified issues and feedback from the managers upon completion of the training. At this stage, the trainer should identify the needs of the learners, the existing knowledge that they have regarding the topic and the existing gap between what they know and what additional knowledge they need to know. In this case, the topic to be discussed during this

Dear Junior Admin Essay Example for Free

Dear Junior Admin Essay There are several things to check and several things that could be wrong. I would start by making sure that you have your ranges of IP addresses right and that you didn’t mistype any numbers. Check your exclusions and be sure that your new ranges don’t fall in between the old ranges that were there before if you had any for the last set. You can also check the workstations that didn’t take the changes individually. Be sure that they don’t have static IP address set for those computers. If they do, then change them to dynamic and restart the computers. If they have the dynamic bullet check then open up a command prompt and ping the server. If you get no response use the ipconfig commands. Release the IP addresses with the IP release command and then use the ip renew command. If the workstations still do not work after trying the previous suggestions you can always assign your workstations using static IP addressing. It will be time consuming but with only twenty five workstations it shouldn’t be too overwhelming. If the first suggestions do not work and you simply don’t want to do all the work of using static ip addresses then you can always start over and try putting in the new configurations again. The second time around be sure to restart your server and restart all of your workstations so the new changes will take effect. You may have to do it at a time when the company can afford the network to be all the way down for a few hours.

Is Retailing Really Necessary In A Country Marketing Essay

Is Retailing Really Necessary In A Country Marketing Essay The retailer is considered to be the intermediate between the wholesaler or the producer and the customer. But at the same time, the benefits that had been allocated from the retailers are much more than delivering the products and the services to the customers, instead the retailer had provided several merits for all of the national and international organization, individuals, and governments. For the purpose of the full illustration of the role of the retailing in the serving of the country and the whole society, there would be a huge investigation about the main issues that had been dealt with and problems that had been solved by the presence of the retailing in the country. Based on the level of the importance of the retailing is considered to one of the industries that the country cannot get rid of it or lose. However, there may be no many direct clear relationship between the retailing process and the social benefits, there would be consider that from the point of the view of t he business, the loss of any kind of business, will naturally cause harmful effects to the economy of the country. Within the following, general academic verified studies and approved theories are going to be studied for the purpose of the identifying the degrees of the importance of the retailing in the country. Literature review Retailing is considered to be one of the ancient merchandising processes in the history (Jon H. Hanf Zsombor Pall, 2009). In the past the retailers role had been acted by the producers of the products and the services (Michael Levy Barton A. Weitz, 2012). According to the modern businesses structures, the retailer becomes so far from the production process, with no direct or indirect influence over the whole manufacturing process (Michael Levy Barton A. Weitz, 2012). Despite of this fact the retailing had been considered to have a huge impact on not only the related institutions, but also the whole country (Michael Levy Barton A. Weitz, 2012). The evolution of the retailing role in the business markets, led to huge interests and advantages that had been enjoyed by the overall society in the terms of the economical and the social aspects (Michael Levy Barton A. Weitz, 2012). The retailing is considered to be one of the most important and attractive growing industries in the world (Jon H. Hanf Zsombor Pall, 2009). The retailing system is considered to be following certain specific universal stages (Jon H. Hanf Zsombor Pall, 2009). The first stage is the in sourcing of the retailing process from the producers, which means that the retailers will not have any contact with the customers anymore (Jon H. Hanf Zsombor Pall, 2009). The second stage is the agreement with the producer about the rules and the procedures that should be followed by the retailing organization in order not commit any lack of quality of the products (Jon H. Hanf Zsombor Pall, 2009). The third stage, the retailer will be offering the sale of the products and the services of the producers and the supplier presented as the retailer, who act on behalf of the producer (Jon H. Hanf Zsombor Pall, 2009). Indian Retail Revolution The demographic profile of an Indian consumer is worth noting. The Indian consumers have the ability to spend over USD 30,000 a year (PPP terms) on prominent consumptions which represents 2.8% of the entire population. (What represents 2.8% of the total population?) It seems like a small percentage but when we consider the mammoth Indian population of 1.07 billion people, this number amounts to 30 million people, a market next only to USA, Japan and China. Consumers are the king and they only drive the retail growth but it is in turn driven by following factors.( Increase in Urban Population- Economic growth- Demographics- Credit availability)( Dr. Vipul Jain 2010) One of the important faces of the retailing systems is the organized retailing system (IIlm, 2012). The organized retailing include the identification of well-chosen a pre-agreed actors in the retailing process, so there would not be any unexpected presence of middlemen, who turn the transactions to be less efficient and losing the ability to achieve its goals (IIlm, 2012). In addition, not only the actors are predetermined, but also the interaction system between tem is determined and agreed upon (IIlm, 2012). Throughout the following of such system, there would be assurance about the attainment of efficiency and effectiveness in the retailing process (IIlm, 2012). In addition, not only benefits are going to be allocated by the actors, but also the benefits will lead to a higher economic benefit that will enhance the interests of all of the society and the national future economy (IIlm, 2012). Several researches and studies supported the fact that the retailing has several disadvant ages mainly the idea of the presence of the retailers encouraged the raise of the prices of the good and the service of the market (IIlm, 2012). In the fact the evidence support the opposite results. Based on the studies and the researches the organized retailing processes can have a great positive impact on the economics of the country (IIlm, 2012). The review of literature has been broadly categorized into two headings, namely: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Overall Retail Scenario Hino (2010) shared his observation about the emergence and expansion of supermarkets that gradually decreased the market share of the traditional formats by displacing them and the factors that helped supermarkets in gaining consumers favors over the traditional stores are the consumers economic ability and the format output.( Goyal and Aggarwal 2009) opine that In India, a consuming class is emerging as a result of increasing income levels and dual career families with high disposable incomes The most appropriate retail formats for various items are: Food and grocery-Supermarket; Health and beauty care services-Supermarket; Clothing and Apparels- Mall; Entertainment-Mall; Watches-Hypermarket; Pharmaceuticals-Hypermarket; Mobile, accessories Services-Hypermarket; Foot wares-Departmental store. The study by(Satish and Raju 2010) throws light on the major Indian retailers which highly contribute to the retail sector in India. Pantaloon, Tata Group, RPG Group, Reliance Group and A V Bi rla group are some of the major Indian retailers. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Drivers of Retailing (Arshad et al 2007 and Ghosh et al 2010) stated that 47% of Indias population is under the age of 20 and this will increase to 55% by 2015 and this young population will immensely contribute to the growth of the retail sector in the country. The changing retail structure has provided the consumers with more options in the form of formats and services such as less travel time, large variety of products and quality products etc, as observed by (Popkowski et al 2001).(Lather et al 2006) and (Gupta 2007) study uncovered six main indicators: viz., price, sales personnel, quality of merchandise, assortment of merchandise, advertising services and convenience services that play key role for retailers in choosing the type of retail formats that may help them to cope up with the changing references of consumers. Application on literature review The findings of the studies declared that the organized activates of the retailing operation led to the minimization of the presence of the middle man, in addition it enhancement of the formation of strong infrastructure (Michael Levy Barton A. Weitz, 2012). Then merits of the retailing in the economics of the country led to decrease the prices for the clienteles, as well as, the enhancement of the development of the economy of the country and the quality of the life (Michael Levy Barton A. Weitz, 2012). Some of the consequences of the organized retailing system are the enhancement of the efficiency of the value chain and the abolition of mediation actors, which led to high financial reimbursements (Michael Levy Barton A. Weitz, 2012). For instance some of the positive consequences of the organized retailing system are the elimination expenses to producers, healthier prices to consumers because of the greater reduction of the prices that the producers will perform to gain much dem and on the products (Michael Levy Barton A. Weitz, 2012). In addition, one of the most important merits is the formulation strong infrastructure that headed to improved loading and demonstration of goods, and the increasing of the consumers understanding and involvement in the process (Michael Levy Barton A. Weitz, 2012). Another important success for the organized retailing was the Job formation across the whole process, which led to the enhancement of opportunities for many unemployed population (Michael Levy Barton A. Weitz, 2012). The most important part of the good consequences of the organized retailing system is the enlargement of the amount of money that are paid for taxes and gathered by the government (Michael Levy Barton A. Weitz, 2012). Organized Retailing will lead to affect the Traditional unorganized Retailers. Furthermore the Comparative Analysis regarding the acceptability of the mall concept and the impact of Shopping Malls on the general living standard of the society are being considered. There is increased sophistication in Customers shopping pattern which has led to emergence of big retail chains in metros, mini metros and towns now becoming the next target. There is a drastic change in the customers tastes and preferences leading to radical transformation in their lifestyle and the spending patterns thereby giving rise to new business opportunities. This generic growth, driven by changing lifestyle and strong increment in income is to be supported by the favorable demographic patterns But among the important benefits obtained by consumers is also the fact that these firms are likely to sell safer products. Food-borne illnesses and contamination are long-standing issues in India. Counterfeit drugs are alleged to account for 20-25 percent of total pharmaceutical sales in the country (Express India 2009) The Indian consumer and his behavioral response towards the development of organized retail can be attributed to the economic and soci al changes taking place in the country. The growing fragmentation of consumers into multiple segments with different values and buying priorities is the natural outcome. They have become more pragmatic, educated and demanding learning the time and money management. The Value for Money concept rather than simply low prices has become the order of the day. The study by ETIG (Economic Times Intelligence Group also confirm this. According to (Sen 2000), in case of Hypermarkets main motives of preference in decreasing order are low prices, possibility of buying everything at same place and general appearance formats (Chandrashekhar,2001) while other studies point out the relationship between the type of store and the type of Products(Sen,2000,Bhatnagar,2002).These studies indicate the utility of specialized and traditional stores for fresh products, while of the store. Other investigations emphasize the co-existence of several store (Sen,2000,Bhatnagar,2002). A significant advantage for organized retailers relates also to prices. The organized retailing corporations have the ability to seek out the lowest-costs suppliers around the world. This ability spurs opposition to multinational retailers, and feeds suspicions that firms like Wal-Mart, which have the reputation of destroying momand-pop stores in countries like the United States, will do the same in India (Swamy 2011). But India itself is one of the low-cost countries from which multinational firms buy products. Although mom-and-pop stores outside India have no easy access to these low-cost producers, unorganized retailers can buy from the same (or similar) sources, possibly through representative cooperatives like Bhartiya. According to the experiment of the organized retailing in India, there had been assurance that the system success led to the evolution of the industry ion India for more than thirty percent annually (IIlm, 2012). In addition, the governmental reports stated that the reports the share of the commerce had reached twenty percent out of the gross national product by the end of 2010 (IIlm, 2012). The gathered information assure that the organized retail industry are considered to be as developed as any other developed country, which ensure the efficiency and the effectiveness of the system to be used by the developing countries, and its is exclusive to the developed nations (IIlm, 2012). The researchers suggested an indication of the fact that India investments had been facing a rise of about twenty percent in the last years (IIlm, 2012). According to the National Readership Survey of 1999, 6.6% of the urban adults and 2% of the rural adults are estimated to be shop owners(IIlm, 2012). Summary The retailing process is considered to be one of the greatest events that can take place in the life if any country thats why it should be considered to have the potential for the achievement of the progress in any developed nation in short period throughout solving many of the economical problems that are facing the country and the industries of retailing. The perceived evidence showed the huge impact that can be led by the organized retailing system on the economic system of the country, as well as, the benefiting of both of the customers and the producers sides. The retail sector in India is expected to gross $427 billion by 2010 and $635 billion by 2015 (Moriarty, Ben-Shabat, Gurski, Padmanabham, Kuppuswamy, Groeber, 2007, p.9). India is, in fact, one of the fastest growing economies across the globe. Indias gross domestic product (GDP) is expanding at 7.5% every year, and the potential for further growth is forecasted to be 12% annually during the next decade (Prahalad, 2007). In 2006, the Economist Intelligence Unit surveyed 1,006 chief executive officers (CEOs) of international corporations (Kim, 2007). Among those CEOs surveyed, 89% expected that India would be connected to future growth for their businesses, as compared to 6% five years ago. Indian consumers have typically patronized small, traditional retail stores, similar to independently owned mom and pop-Small Buisness- stores in western countries. This is due to the high level of personalized service and the low-priced apparel products with low-cost tailoring offered by these small Indian stores (Sinha Banerjee, 2004). Rapid economic growth, spurred by multinational investments in India in the past five to seven years, has resulted in greater incomes for the booming Indian middle class. Disposable income in India is expected to increase at an average of 8.5% per annum until 2015 (Kulpati, 2006). Retailing is one of the largest industry in India and one of the biggest sources of employment in the country. Numerous business groups are attracted in the past few years, including some renowned business groups like Bharti, Future, Reliance, and Aditya Birla to establish hold, showing the future growth in times to come. In addition, organized retail sector has also grabbed the attention of foreign companies, showing their interest to enter India. After looking up these facts, the paper strategically analyzed the Indian retail Industry. The results of the study depict that infrastructure, economic growth and changing demographics of consumers are the major driver of organized retail in India. Recommendation It is recommended for every ill-developed nation to adapt to this organized retailing process to be able to commit change and evolution for the economic structure and system of the government, as well as the formulating of new opportunities of investments for the population to be hired and enrolled within the system.